2008-06-12 ノルベルト・エリアスをどう読むか。
_ こんどの１５日に，ノルベルト・エリアスの『ドイツ人論』のなかで展開されている「暴力論」について議論する必要性があって，いま，こつこつと読みつづけている。しかし，どうも肌が合わないというか，「暴力」の概念の違いというか，読んでいてしっくりこない。どこか調子が軽いのである。もっと掘り下げた論考を展開してほしいのだが，どうも表層を流れていく。この調子は『文明化の過程』でも同じ印象だった。
エリアスは若いころ，フッサールについて「現象学」を学んだという経歴がある。だとすれば，ハイデガーの弟弟子，ということになろう。しかし，エリアスがフッサールに師事したときには，すでに，フッサールとハイデガーは決別したあとのことだったようだ。だとすれば，エリアスがハイデガーに対してどのような姿勢を貫いたかは，出発点からして複雑なものがあっただろう。しかも，ハイデガーはのちにヒトラーを支持して，ナチスに入党までしているという事実からすれば，エリアスが徹底してハイデガーを排除したであろうことは想像に難くない。なぜなら，エリアス自身はユダヤ人として弾圧・迫害を受け，早々にドイツから脱出してイギリスに逃れて行った，という事実があるからだ。それにしても，エリアスの文章には，フッサールの「現象学」の影響と思われるようなものは読み取れないし，ましてや，兄弟子にあたるハイデガーの「反哲学」（木田元）の姿勢も見受けられない，ということがどこまでも気がかりだ。
ユダヤ人であるという，ただ，それだけの理由でドイツに住むことが不可能となり，イギリスに難を逃れたエリアスが，なぜ『ドイツ人論』を語ろうとしたのか，そこに，いかなる暴力を読み取ろうとしたのか，その真意を探りあぐねている，というのが現段階でのわたしの正直な告白である。しかも，「ドイツ人」を語るための比較の対象に「イギリス人」をおき，その彼我の違いをとおして「ドイツ人」とはなにか，というみずからの問いの解答を導き出そうとしている。自分に納得がいけばいい（基本的にはみんなそうなのだが），という姿勢を徹底しているようにも見受けられる。だから，読み手のわたしの納得とはまったく違うレベルのところで話が展開していく。
他にも，違和感を感じてしまうポイントはいくつかある。もう少し，しっかりと読み込んで１５日の議論に備えたいと思う。やや，時間切れの感なきにしもあらずではあるが・・・・・。
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