2010-03-30 「審判」から「ハイテク判定」へ。
_ スポーツにおける<判定>は,近代に入ってから「審判」の手にゆだねられるようになり,次第により高度な「公正さ」が求められることになった。
このこと自体はなんの問題もないし,ごくごく当然のこととして,大いに歓迎された。しかし,どこかでその「公正さ」をめぐって「ボタンのかけ違い」(松田道雄)のようなことが起こった。それを「理性」への過信と呼ぶこともできるだろう。あるいは,「理性」に対する「万能信仰」(西谷修)というように言うこともできるだろう。
わかりやすく説明してみよう。少し古い陸上競技の,100mのゴール付近の写真を思い浮かべてみてほしい。そこには,ゴール・ラインに面して,何人もの審判がストップ・ウォッチを片手に,下から上に一列になって階段状の鉄骨の椅子に坐っている姿をみることができるだろう。8コースのレースであれば,8人の審判員が坐っている。そして,各コースごとに計時する審判員が決まっていて,一人ずつストップ・ウォッチで時間を計り,それを持ち寄って着順を決めていた。ここでは,審判員全員がストップ・ウォッチで計時する能力は等しいものという「信」が前提となっている。しかし,人間のすることである。多少の誤差は想定内のこととして了解されていた。しかし,ときとして,着順とストップ・ウォッチの時間と一致しないことが起こった。そのつど,審判が集まって協議をして,問題解決をはかってきた。しかし,競技力が高度になってくると,0.1秒差の間に何人もの選手が一度になだれ込んでくることも珍しくなくなってくる。そこで登場したのが,ハイテクノロジーである。光センサーによって,選手たちの「胸」がゴール・ラインに達する瞬間をとらえ,計測することが可能となった。その結果,最初は,100分の1秒を,そして,いまでは,1000分の1秒の差を<判定>することがハイテクノロジーを利用することによって可能となった。こうして,着順の厳密な「差」を明確にすることかできるようになったのである。まさに科学万能,それを支えた「理性」の勝利とでもいうように。
じつは,ここに大きな「落とし穴」が待っていた。100分の1秒の差を,人間の眼は<判定>できない。ましてや,1000分の1秒の差は,まったく不可能だ。しかし,この差を計測して,金メダルと銀メダルの区別をしているのが,現状である。その違いが人間の眼にはまったく見えないというのに・・・。これを計測して,区別することの意味は,いったい,どこにあるのだろうか。わたしには,まったく理解不能である。「同着」ではいけないのか。金メダルが二人ではいけないのか。
この科学万能信仰になんの疑問もいだかない人びとが圧倒的多数を占めている,というのが現状であろう。つまり,「理性」の到達した「公正さ」に大満足しているかのように・・・。しかし,このときの「理性」とはなにか。人間の存在を無視した「理性」とはなにか。しかも,この「理性」のお蔭で,多くの人びとが一喜一憂している。狂喜乱舞する人たちすらいる。1000分の1秒差に。そればかりではない。1000分の1秒差が,選手の商品価値をも決定づけることになる。しかも,その連鎖反応は測り知れない。そうして,新たな「現実」がつくられていく。人間の眼で確認することのできないミクロの世界によって,人間の「現実」が構築されていく。
そこに立ち現れる人間は,もちろん,「生きもの」としてのそれではない。しかも,それはバタイユの言う「オブジェ」でもないし,「事物」(ショーズ)でもない。
この1000分の1秒差を是認し,なんの疑問もいだかない,わたしたちとは,いったいいかなる存在者というべきか。このような「現実」を生きるということは,いったいなにを意味しているのだろうか。こうして,ついには,人間とはなにか,スポーツとはなにか,という根源的な問いに立ち合わざるをえなくなる。
西谷修は『理性の探求』という著書をとおして,いまや「狂気」と化してしまった「理性」の問題を,現代のさまざまな事象のなかに見届けつつ,それを超克するための方途を提示する。それがP.ルジャンドルの思想と共振・共鳴しながら提示される「生きものの要請に答える理性」だ。
スポーツにおける<判定>もまた,その多くが「狂気」への道をまっしぐらに突き進んでいるように見受けられる。もって瞑すべしである。
10分の1は目に見えるが、100分の1は目に見えない・・ましてや、1000分の1、10000・・・・・の1など人の目には見えません。<br>科学万能主義を盲目的に礼賛してはいけませんが・・・。<br><br>先生の主張とは??<br><br>もう一度、オリンピックに、“何人 もの審判がストップ・ウォッチを片手に,下から上に一列になって階段状の鉄骨の椅子に坐らせたいのか・・・・??”<br>金と銀のメダルの差をなくしたいのか???<br>1000分の1秒差で選手の商品価値をも決定づけることをやめさせたいのか?<br>科学万能主義に何も疑問を持たなくなった人々を啓発したいのか?<br><br>1000分の1秒差で選手の“商品価値”をも決定づけることをやめさせ金と銀のメダルの差をなくさせることは、<br>目に見える10秒差で金と銀のメダルの差つけ商品価値をつけることもやめにする。と、同義語です。<br><br>つまり、ものごとの優劣をつけるということに対して反対なのと、科学技術(論)が混同しております。<br><br>駅の改札を想像してください・・・<br>ご存知、一昔前は駅員が、切符を切っておりました。膝に切符のカスを積もらせながら・・・(懐かしい・・)<br>しかし昨今は、切符を改札に通す(磁気式の切符)のはおろか、ICチップの埋め込まれたカードをかざす<br>(かざすのも面倒だから、胸に入れたままのカードをそのままにしても通れる試作もなされておりますが・・・)など、<br>われわれはそのような社会を生きております。<br>もちろん、何も目にはみえません・・・<br><br>つまりキセルを取り締まるための手段が変わっただけです。<br>キセルはいけない!!<br>キセルを取り締まる・・ということの方法が変わっただけです。(科学の恩恵で・・・)<br><br>話を戻しますが、<br>目に見える、1秒差の金メダルと銀メダルの差と<br>光センサーによって目に見えないものの差を・・・・というのは、そんな大きな違いはないと思うのですが・・・<br>つまり、稲垣先生は、金メダル・銀メダルという商品価値をつけることに反対なのですね?と、読み取ってみましたが・・・
ブログ拝見しました。<br><br>私は科学技術に関する過信への疑義を呈しておられる内容と受け取りました。<br><br>科学哲学者のファイアアーベントが批判していたのと同様に、科学万能主義の跋扈に対しての警鐘かと思いました<br><br>ただし、皆も1000分の1秒までの差はやり過ぎだと感じているのではないでしょうか。どこかに100分の1秒以下は同着とする規定があったような。
ハイテク技術によって1000分の1秒まで計測可能になり、人間の目には判定不能な場合でも勝敗を決することが可能になった。その事実は科学万能、あるいはそれを支えた「理性」の勝利だ、とするがごとく受け入れられ、いまや「ハイテク判定」は、<br>高度な「公正さ」への要求に応えるために不可欠なものとして、その存在について何の疑問も持たれなくなった。<br><br>しかし、人間の目に判別できない差を<br>計測して、勝敗を決める意味がどこにあるのか。<br>ミクロの世界の「現実」において構築された人間は、もはや生きものとしてのそれではない。この1000分の1秒差を是認するわたしたちとはいかなる存在なのか、この「現実」を生きることは何を意味するのか。ついには、人間とは、スポーツとは何か、<br>という根源的な問いに立ち合わざるをえなくなる。<br><br>稲垣先生はこのような道筋で、「狂気」と化してしまった「理性」の一例として「ハイテク判定」とそれを当たり前のように受け入れている現状を引用されたのであり、<br>物事の優劣をつけることに対しての是非を問われているわけではない、と私には読めました
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