2008-08-12 老子『道徳経』第１章
_ 昨日のつづき。いろいろ考えているうちに，自分に納得のいく「意訳」を試みてみようという気になり，挑戦してみました。
第１章
〔原文〕
道可道、非常道、名可名、非常名、無名、天地之始、有名、万物之母、故常無欲、以観其妙、常有欲、以観其キョウ、此両者、同出而異名、同謂之玄、衆妙之門、
_ 〔意訳〕
もし，「道」というものが説明できるものであるとしたら，それは永久不変の，真実の「道」ではない。つまり，「道」というものはことばに置き換えることのできないものなのだ。「名」もまた名前をつけることができるものであるとしたら，それもまた永久不変の，ほんとうの「名」ではない。つまり，「名」というものは仮の名前にすぎないものなのだ。天と地が現れたのは「名づけることのできないもの」から、すなわち「無名」からであった。つまり，天と地にも，最初は名前はなかったのだ。しかし，名前をつけることによって、そのものの概念が定まり，共通の理解をえることができるようになったのだ。だから，「名づけることのできるもの」，すなわち「有名」は，あよゆる物を育てる母にすぎない，ということになる。ここから，また，新たな「欲望」というものが立ち現れ，わたしたちのものごとをみる目を狂わせてしまう。したがって，「ほんとうに欲望から解き放たれた者のみが『妙』（かくされた本質）をみることができるのであって，欲望にとらわれている者はどんなことがあっても『キョウ』（その結果）しかみることができない」のだ。この「妙」と「キョウ」の二つは，もともとの出所は同じであるけれども，名は違う。このもともとの出所のことを，われわれは「玄」（神秘）と呼ぶ。もっと厳密にいえば，「玄」（神秘）よりももっと「見えにくいもの」というべきだろう。つまり，もともとの出所は，ほんとうにぼんやりしていて，はっきりとは見えないもの，なのだ。しかも，そここそが，あらゆる「妙」（かくされた本質）が立ち現れてくる「門」なのである。しかも，その「門」には構えがなく，３６０度，あらゆる方向を向いている。だから，「妙」（かくされた本質）はどこからでもやってくる。
11、12、14日のブログは非常に読み応えがあった！今日の意訳でもっともわたしが注目したのは、最後の部分・・・その「門」には構えがなく、360度、あらゆる方向を向いている。だから「妙」はどこからでもやってくる・・・というところ・・・。かなり踏み込んだ訳だという感がある。ただ、踏み込んでいるからこそ面白いと思う。その根拠は、14日のブログにちゃんと書いてあることが心憎い・・・。ただ、この意訳でもわたしにははっきりと意味がわからないことがある。「有名」はあらゆる物を育てる母にすぎない。ここからまたあらたな欲望が・・・の部分。「物を育てる」ということが「欲望」とつながるということか・・・？あ〜久々に頭をつかった！でもおもしろかったで〜す。
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