2008-10-19 村上春樹の『海辺のカフカ』を読む。
_ 昨年の秋に，スペインのバスク大学と神戸市外国語大学がブリッジを架けた「第１回日本・バスク国際セミナー」で知り合ったバスクの研究者たちの間で，村上春樹の小説が人気を呼んでいることを知り，いささか，不思議な思いをしたことがある。しかも，『海辺のカフカ』『ねじまきどりクロニクル』『ノルウェーの森』などが好んで読まれているという。
たしかに，海外での評価がすこぶる高いということは知っていた。英語で講演もできるほどの語学力をもっていることも広く知られている。だから，村上春樹には翻訳ものも多い。しかも，それらは名訳だという。
しかし，わたしには村上作品が海外で，とくに，欧米で読まれていることの意味がいま一つ理解できなかった。このことをいつか確認してみたい，つまり，そのつもりで村上作品を検証してみたい，とそのときから思っていた。ようやく時間をみつけて，まずは，『海辺のカフカ』を大急ぎで読んでみた。やはり，わたしの疑問は解けない。ますます，疑問が増大するばかりである。
なぜなら・・・・。
『海辺のカフカ』を読まれた人は，その奇想天外なストーリー展開に，まずはびっくりさせられる。なぜなら，現実と非現実，この世とあの世，生身の人間と死者（あるいは，霊魂），といった二分法をいともかんたんに飛び越えて，行ったり来たりする。あるいは，その境界領域の不可解な体験がつぎつぎに繰り広げられる。こういうストーリー展開にかなり慣れているはずの日本人でも相当に慌てるはずなのに・・・・。ましてや，近代合理主義の整然たる二分法のもとで，正義と邪悪や善悪といった区別を徹底させ，他方を一方的に排除する思考を積み重ねてきたヨーロッパのキリスト教文化圏の人びとに，村上ワールドが理解されるとは，いまも考えられないからだ。
この『海辺のカフカ』に限定すれば，この作品の最大のテーマは「存在論」である。もう少し厳密に言っておけば，人間の「存在」を問いかけること，つまり，「存在者」とはなにか，を問いつづけること，にある。そして，いかに人間が「存在」するということが危ういものであるか，ということをあの手この手で，これでもか，というほど微に入り細にわたり説いていく。
このテーマはレヴィナスの著書『存在から存在者へ』が真っ正面から取り上げたものである。レヴィナスは哲学者として極限状態における人間の「存在」様態を追求していく。たとえば，歩哨に立つ兵士が，疲労困憊して，銃を手に立って目を見開き前方を睨んではいるが，なにも見えていないことがある。このときの兵士は，はたして，「存在」している，と言えるのか，いなや，とレヴィナスは問う。
村上春樹は，小説家として，日常生活のなかのさまざまな局面を切り取りながら，人間の「存在」がいかに危ういものであるかをこの作品のなかでつぎつぎに提示していく。つまり，主体の不在を徹底的に問い続けている作品なのである。この「主体の不在」こそ，ヨーロッパ近代のもっとも忌み嫌うものであって，こんなことはあってはならないのである。
そのことは，「第１回日本・バスク国際セミナー」の三日間にわたる討論で，いやというほど知らされた。というより，われわれの主張を頭から否定する発言が相次いだ。パリ大学元教授のパルレバさんを筆頭に，みなさん口を揃えて，われわれ日本側のプレゼンテーションに食いついてきた。
この人たちが，なぜ，村上春樹なのか。
ひょとしたら，単なる「オリエンタリズム」としてエンジョイしているにすぎないのか。
もう少し，検討してみたい，と思う。つまり，異文化理解とはどういうことなのかということを問うための典型的なテクストとして。
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