2009-03-23 「してみてよきにつくべし」世阿弥。
_ 戸井田道三の『観阿弥と世阿弥』をようやく最後まで読み切った。途中で何回も考えることが多く，頓挫していた。
たとえば，「幽玄」と「ものまね」，「夢幻能」と「現在能」，「離見の見」，「皮肉骨事」，「体用事」，などなど。それらの中の一つが「してみてよきにつくべし」という世阿弥のことば。
このことばは，世阿弥の次男の元能が書いた『申楽談儀』のなかにでてくるという。世阿弥と長男の元雅との間でなされたやりとりを，次男の元能が書き記したもの。
いまも能の名作の一つとして人気のある，元雅の作である「隅田川」の演出をめぐって元雅と世阿弥の間で，意見の違いがあった，というのである。それは，子を失った母親が，いまは亡き子の亡霊と対面する場面の演出をめぐって，元雅は子どもの亡霊を舞台に出した方がいいという意見に対して，世阿弥は，子どもの亡霊を出さないで，見えない亡霊を見る意識を対象化して見せるべきだ，という意見の対立である。元雅が，それではできない，と言ったのに対し，世阿弥は「してみてよきにつくべし」と言ったというのである。
世阿弥は元雅の考え方を否定しているわけではない。やってみていい方をとればいい，と言っているにすぎない。しかし，このことばの含みもつ奥行きの深さというべきか，どちらでもいいよ，と言いつつ，どちらがいいかはやってみればわかるよ，と諭しているのである。つまり，自分でやってみて「どちらがいいか」を確認しながら，能の演出というものは作り上げていくものだよ，という基本的な考え方を教えているのである。
戸井田道三によれば，以下のようである。
能は徳川時代に武家の式楽として固定化してしまうが，世阿弥のころは，自由に演出をこころみ，「してみてよきに」つくことが当然だったのだ。「離見の見」が舞台の技法にとどまるものでなかったように，演出もまた，ただ舞台で能をつくるだけではなかった。能をつくりとともにそれはひとつの歴史をつくることであったのだ。
もともとは「神と乞食の芸能」（戸井田道三）であったものが，武家の式楽として固定化した結果がこんにちわれわれが眼にする能の姿なのだ。しかし，「神と乞食の芸能」であった時代には，もっとのびのびと自由闊達に演出を試み，千変万化しながら，「してみてよきにつく」ことを積み上げ，淘汰されていたはずの芸能である。しかし，固定化した時点で，もはや，能は能ではなくなってしまった，世阿弥の言う「能の生命線」が死んでしまった，ということなのであろう。
その点で狂言には，まだ，その伝統が残っている。だから，つぎつぎに新しい趣向をこらした演出が登場して，若い世代にも人気である。あえて言ってしまえば，狂言は「開かれた芸能」を維持しており，能は「閉じた芸能」となりはててしまった，ということだろう。
戸井田道三は，最後のところでつぎのように結ぶ。
われわれ現在を生きるものも，生きることによってのほか，伝統を生かすことはできず，それが歴史をつくることにほかならない。身に習いおぼえて芸の主になるという主体性と，「離見の見」という客観主義とを，「してみてよきにつく」という柔軟な行為のうちに結合して生きた世阿弥の生きかたを継承することもまた伝統を生かすことにほかなるまい。
われわれは，いま，２１世紀の科学と経済の論理が最優先される時代に生きていて，二項対立的に，あるいは，階層秩序的二項対立の考え方に慣れきってしまっている。だから，どちらかが正しくで，その反対は間違いである，と最初から決めつけてしまう習慣が身についてしまっている。しかし，そのような考え方から生まれる矛盾が次第に大きな影となって現れるにつけ，もうひとつ別の視点を，あるいは，もっと柔軟な価値観をとりもどす必要を痛感せざるをえない。
「してみてよきにつくべし」という柔軟性に富んだ世阿弥のことばは，現代を生きるわれわれにも立派に通用する。いろいろと試行錯誤しながら，自分の生き方をさぐり，その人なりの主体的な歴史への参加がはじまるのだろう。なにはともあれ，まずは「やってみること」だろう。なにもしないで，考えてばかりいたり，理屈ばかりを捏ねていてもはじまるまい。
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