2009-08-21 カズオ・イシグロの『夜想曲集』
_ カズオ・イシグロの短編小説を集めた『夜想曲集』が４年ぶりに翻訳・紹介された。いま，気になる作家のひとりなので，早速，読んでみた。
前作の『わたしを離さないで』が，あまりに強烈な印象だったので，つぎの作品を待ち焦がれていた。それが短編小説集となってようやく登場した。サブ・タイトルに「音楽と夕暮れをめぐる五つの物語」とあるように，なるほど「ノクターン」というこの作品の主題の意味を暗示している。若いころにミュージシャンをめざしたことがあるという経歴の持ち主だけに，ミュージシャンたちが生きている微妙な世界をきめ細かく描写している。わたしのような音楽音痴にも，なるほど，と思わせる描写がここかしこにでてくる。
この短編集のライト・モチーフは，夫婦というもののまことに微妙な関係を，ミュージシャンの世界をとおして明らかにしようというところにある，とみた。おそらく，カズオ・イシグロがミュージシャンをめざしていた若いころに出会った，さまざまな夫婦像をとおして浮かび上がってくる「男と女」の関係のはかなさが，その創作の原動力となっているのだろう。そう思わせる描写が，どの作品にも読み取れる。
なかでも，わたしの脳裏に焼きついた名セリフに，つぎのようなものがある。
「スティーブ，聞いて。奥さんが戻ってくれるといいし，わたしもそれを願っている。でもよ，戻ってこなかったときは，それはそれで頭を切り替えなくちゃ。奥さんはすてきな人だったんでしょう。でもね，人生って，誰か一人を愛することよりずっと大きいんだと思う。あなたはその人生に出ていくべき人よ，スティーブ。あなたみたいな人はその他大勢と一緒にいちゃだめ。」
ベテランの著名な女性シンガーが（彼女もまた，比較的最近，ミュージシャンの夫と離婚したばかり），４０歳前後のミュージシャン（才能があるのになかなか世に出られないであがいている男性）に向かって語りかけていることばである。このことばをどのように受け止めるかは，いろいろあっていい。おそらく読者の立つ位置（スタンス，人生観）によって異なることだろう。しかし，いまのわたしには，とても重いことばとして響いてくる。
自分のなかになにか大きな夢があって，それの実現のためならどんな苦労も苦労とも思わない，むしろ，楽しくて楽しくていくらでも元気が湧いてくる，そういう人生を歩んでいる人にとって，「誰か一人を愛すること」による身の不自由は耐えがたいものがあるに違いない。アーティストと呼ばれる人たちに離婚が多いのは，そういうことなのだろう。それは，実業家であれ，政治家であれ，学者であれ，本質的には変わらない。しかし，そういう不安も悩みもなく「一人の人を愛しつづけることができる」としたら，それこそ神の恩寵というべきであろう。そういう人生に出会った人は幸せである。ヒューマニズムとしての努力には限界がある。
近代社会が求めた「一夫一婦制」や「離婚することは悪である」（「バツイチ」）といった一元的な価値観が，いまやほとんど意味をなさなくなりつつある。最近では，結婚する娘に対して，「嫌になったらいつでも帰っておいで」と言って送り出す親がふつうである，と聞く。おそらく，その裏には「自分たちのように我慢する必要はないよ」という意味があろう。人生二度結婚説が，いまや堂々とまかりとおる時代となってきた。こうした事態はヨーロッパでは日本よりももっともっと先行しているようだ。
こうした近代社会とは別の社会へと（わたしのことばに直せば，後近代社会へと）移行しつつある現代の，眼にみえないところでの大きな地殻変動のようなものを，カズオ・イシグロは敏感に察知して，それを小説世界のなかに反映させているのであろう。
前作の『わたしを離さないで』で提起した，臓器移植をめぐる鳥肌の立つような大問題とは，その位相は異なるとはいえ，今回の短編集にしかけられた問題もまたけして軽くはない。結婚，夫婦，家庭，というものの近代的な制度が，すでに疲弊し，破綻をきたしていることを「人生の大きさ」という補助線を引いて，考え直そうとするカズオ・イシグロの眼力に脱帽である。
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