2010-02-20 小長谷有紀さんの「朝青龍引退に寄せて」を読む。
_ ２月１５日の毎日新聞の夕刊・文化欄に，小長谷有紀さんの「朝青龍引退に寄せて」というエッセイが掲載されている。
やっと，まともな批評がでましたね，とＩさんがコピーをわたしてくれた。一読して感動。さすがに小長谷さんだ，と。モンゴルをフィールドとする文化人類学者で，モンゴル相撲についても第一人者。しかし，エッセイのなかではひとことも専門家であることには触れず，さらりと，ごく自然に，さも当たり前のことであるかのごとく，ことの本質を明らかにしている。わたしも，ここまでは目配りができてはいなかったので，たいへん刺激を受けた。小長谷さんの主張は以下のとおりである。
日本はとっくのむかしにホスト社会になっていて，０８年末現在，約２２２万人が外国籍をもって日本に住んでいる。ほぼ長野県の人口に匹敵する。こういう人たちが，少子高齢化した日本社会の重要な構成メンバーとなっていることを忘れてはならない。なぜなら，こういう人たちを他者として排斥すると日本のシステムそのものが成り立たなくなってしまうだろう。角界にいるモンゴル人の場合も同じはずだ。
横綱がモンゴル人だけなのは，日本人が弱いからではない。力士になりたいという夢を描く日本人の若者が少ないからだ。もはや，異形の身体になんの魅力も感じなくなってしまったし，おまけに「可愛がり」があることも知ってしまっている。しかも，古いしきたりがいっぱいあって，自分の自由にはならない。そんな「伝統」があるとはつゆ知らず，純粋に格闘技だと誤解してやってくる外国人のお蔭で，日本の大相撲がかろうじて成り立っているのだ。だから，いまや瀕死の状態にある大相撲を，一人で２１場所も横綱として支えてきた個人に対して，わたしたちは一言感謝してもよかったのではないか。
そういう感謝のことばを告げる間もなく，いかにも日本らしいやり方を世界中に発信してしまった。喧嘩両成敗や謝れば許すという日本的な流儀も閉ざされたまま，情けない結果となってしまった。
たしかに入幕当初からさまざまな言動が問題視されてきた。しかし，そのたびに，わたしたちはなにがいけないとされているのか，隠された掟を知ることができた。わたしたちに内在化されてきた「文化」が，かれの言動をとおして，はっきりと可視化された。つまり，物議をかもす朝青龍によって，わたしたちは自画像を見据えることができたのだ。出身地を問わず，全力士にとって反面教師であり，防波堤でもあったろう。そんな彼は去って彼自身の問題は解消する。しかし，わたしたち自身の問題はなにも解決されてはいないのだ。
むかしから日本は，優れた技能や技術をもった渡来人を受け入れてきたという，ホスト社会の歴史をもっている。また，近代には，日本人自身が移民して新天地を開いてホスト社会に受け入れてもらったという経験をもつ。にもかかわらず，現代におけるホスト社会はどうあるべきか，わたしたち一人ひとりはどのようにふるまえばいいのか，まだまだ検討中であり，模索中なのだ。
という具合である。
まさに眼からウロコである。そうなのだ。大相撲はすでに外国人力士なしには成り立たなくなってしまっているのだ。この現実に眼をつむって，国技がどうの，横綱の品格がどうの，と「識者」と言われる人たちが口角に泡をとばして力説される。なんと陳腐な図柄であろうことか。相撲がいつから国技になったのかも，いまの力士たちは知らないだろう。もちろん，ほとんどのインテリを自称する日本人ですら知らない。なのに・・・，である。横綱の品格とはなにか，きちんと説明できる人がいるのだろうか。これほど話題になっているにもかかわらず，これが「横綱の品格である」という定義をした人はひとりもいない。にもかかわらず，横綱の品格が一人歩きをしている。そんな，わけのわからない「亡霊」の犠牲となったのが，ドルジくんなのである。
情けないことではあるが，わたしたちはいま一度，日本の社会がどのようにして成り立っているのかをしっかりと見極めること，そして，世界がなにゆえに混迷の一途をたどっているのか，冷静に考えることが必要だ。いまこそ，ほんとうの「理性」が問われている。ヨーロッパ近代の理性ではなく，そこを超克した新しい「理性」の誕生が待望されている。すでに，芽生えつつあるのだが・・・・。
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