2008-12-04 小森陽一の『村上春樹論』を読む。
_ このところ暇をみて，村上春樹の『海辺のカフカ』上，下と『ねじまき鳥クロニクル』１，２，３を読んでみた。ちょうど，これらの作品を読み終えた直後に，本屋さんで小森陽一の『村上春樹論』（平凡社新書）をみつけたので，いま，読みはじめている。
が，驚いたことに，小森陽一の手にかかると名作の誉れ高い『海辺のカフカ』が木っ端みじんに粉砕されてしまっている。もう，ちょっと，どうしようもないほどの，徹底した「やっつけ方」をしている。しかも，それらが，どれ一つとってみても反論のしようがないほどの，ほぼ完璧と言っていいほどの裏づけをしているのだ。その裏づけの一つに，フランス現代思想があり，これが重要な役割をはたしている。
わたしの周辺にも村上春樹の熱烈なファンがいて，何回，読んでもいい，という。しかし，このファンの人たちは，この小森陽一の『村上春樹論』を読んでいるのだろうか，と首を傾げるしかない。なぜなら，これを読んでしまったら，相当のショックを受けるはずだからだ。そんなそぶりも見せないところをみると，どうやら，読んではいないらしい。
以前も，このブログで小森陽一氏との出会いについて少しだけ書いた記憶があるが，かれは東大教授のほかに「文芸批評家」という肩書をもって活動をしている。文芸評論家ではなくて「文芸批評家」と名乗っているところがいい。評論と批評はどこがどう違うか，というややこしい議論になると，わたしには自信はないが，やはり，どことなく大事なところが違うように思う。たとえば，スポーツ評論家，野球評論家，相撲評論家・・・と名乗る人はいくらでもみかけるが，「スポーツ批評家」「野球批評家」「相撲批評家」と名乗る人はみたことがない。この分野では，評論のできる人はいても「批評」のできる人はいない，ということだ。
かつて，蓮実（これの古い漢字がでない）重彦さんが『スポーツ批評宣言』という本を出されたとき，わたしはびっくり仰天しながら読んだ記憶がある。それは，「スポーツ批評」ということばの新鮮さにあった。「批評をする」とはどういうことなのか，と初めて真剣に考えた。それに対して，蓮実さんはじつに明解に答えを提示してくれ，わたしの疑問が一気に氷解したことを覚えている。蓮実さんにいわせれば「潜在的なるものが顕在化する瞬間を擁護すること」，この一語につきると。眼からうろこ，とはこのことだった。わたしの頭の回路が一つ，びしっと決まった。
それからずいぶん時間が経過している。そして，今回の小森陽一の「文芸批評」である。文芸評論ではなくて「文芸批評」とはどういうことなのか，という点に神経をつかって読んでみる。そうしたら，その典型的なお手本のような本がこの『村上春樹論』であった。「批評」とは，これほど精緻にテクストを読み解き，その問題点を浮き彫りにし，なぜ，それが問題なのかという根拠を，思想・哲学をはじめとするあらゆる手段を用いて展開していく。その博覧強記ともいうべき守備範囲の広さに，まずは，圧倒されてしまう。村上春樹の作家としての企みが丸裸にされてしまい，そのぶざまさを徹底的に「批評」していく。そのまた歯切れのよさは，あの陽気な小森陽一の語り口調そのままだ。
渋谷のとある飲み屋で，小森陽一が「文学をガクガクする」という話をするという情報が入ってきたので，西谷修氏を誘ってでかけたことがある。そのときに，講演が終わって，かなり酒がまわってきてから小森氏が西谷氏に告白していたことばが忘れられない。「おれは西谷のようにトップは走れないけれど，二番手くらいでは頑張るから頼むよ」と。西谷氏は軽くいなしながら，「体質も，スタンスも違うんだから，あまり無理することはないよ」といった調子。そのうちに二人で「禅問答」のような話を展開しはじめたので，「それって，どういうこと？」と間に割ってわたしが入る。そうすると，お二人とも，じつに熱心にわたしに説明をしてくれる。これがまた，とても，ありがたかった。それで，すっかり，小森陽一氏とも仲良しになってしまった。お互いに顔を真っ赤にしながら「記念撮影」までして・・・・。そのときの話題の中心は，なんと，「フランス現代思想」をどう受け止めるか，ということ。
だから，このテクスト『村上春樹論』は，冒頭からフロイトの理論をもちだして「エディプス・コンプレックス」が『海辺のカフカ』の最初のモチーフになっていることを解き明かす。そして，やがて，そこに現れる「暴力」の問題に立ち入っていく。そこでは，ジャック・デリダの『法の力』ほかの文献がでてくる。
一般に，『海辺のカフカ』は「癒し」や「救い」のある小説として歓迎されたようだが，その内容は，とんでもない，「暴力」のすり替えのであり，しかも，その「暴力」を正当化までしている，恐るべき作品である，というのが小森氏の結論である。「批評」するということがどういうことなのか，ということを知るための絶好のテクストになっている。
わたしも，できることなら，いつか，「スポーツ批評家」という肩書で仕事をしてみたいものだ。小森陽一さん，ありがとう。
ああ〜、『村上春樹論』むちゃむちゃ読みたくなってしまいました〜。それから蓮実さんの「潜在的なるものが顕在化する瞬間を擁護すること」にシビレマシタ。「見届ける」のではなく「擁護」する・・・そこに「愛」を感じました。
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