2008-12-13 堀田善衛著『上海にて』の衝撃。
_ 以前のブログで，堀田善衛の『上海にて』を読む，を書いた記憶がある。しかし，もう，忘れてしまっている。最近になって，また，拾い読みをはじめている。２０日の研究会に備えて。
「北京オリンピック」とはなにであったのか−−みずからへの問い，というテーマがここにきて渦を巻きはじめている。なにを，どこから語ろうか，と考えれば考えるほど渦が大きくなってくる。そして，「なにげ」に手が伸びていくさきが，この『上海にて』という本である。なぜだろうか，とみずからに問うてみる。
「９・１１」のときもそうだったが，メディアは，そして，わたしたちの思考回路も，みんな「事件」が起きたその日からのことに意識が吸いよせられていく。そして，なぜ，「９・１１」のような「事件」をひき起こさせることになったのかという原因・力学を問おうとはしない。そして，すべての理論武装は「９・１１」以後の趨勢をみはからいながら構築していく。その結果として，まことに短絡的な「アメリカの正義」が成立してしまう。これは根本的に間違っている，とわたしは思う。
「北京オリンピック」も同じだ。いま，現在，起こっていることからすべてが始まる，とでもいうかのようにメディアの情報は氾濫する。そして，「聖火リレー」についても，チベット問題をめぐって論議がたたかわされるにもかかわらず，そこに横たわる本質的な問題については，決して深入りしない。とくに，今回の「北京オリンピック」をめぐってはそうだった。つまり，メディアも日本政府も中国政府に対して腰が引けてしまっているのである。このことについては，日本側が中国政府に対して「遠慮」していた，という事実がのちに明らかにされている。
こんなことでは「批評」は成立しない。もっと言ってしまえば，「批評」を抑圧するような力学が働いていた，と言ってよい。だから，どうでもいい「評論」ばかりがのうのうと氾濫したのだ，といいたい。
では，「北京オリンピック」を「批評」するにはどうすればいいのか。その一つが，堀田善衛の『上海にて』の「批評精神」だ。そして，そこからの「視点」が不可欠である，とわたしは考える。なぜなら，いまの中国が誕生する真っ只中に身をおいて，時々刻々と激変する中国を目の当たりにする体験をした堀田善衛の「視点」を欠くことはできないからだ。
堀田善衛は，１９４５年３月２４日から１９４６年１２月２８日までの，１年９カ月を上海で，まことに希有な体験をしている。「３月１０日の東京大空襲」を見届けるようにして，３月２４日には日本軍の特務機関の要員として上海にわたる。要するに「スパイ」だ。しかし，戦局はますます悪化し，８月１５日には日本はギブアップしてしまう。そのあとは，こんどは中華民国の政府（蒋介石）に雇われ，やはり，特務機関の要員として働く。しかし，この中華民国政府も落ち目にあって，中国共産党に圧倒されていく。そこに，国際連盟の義勇軍が入りこみ，アメリカ軍もロシア軍も，さまざまな駆け引きを展開する。その裏事情を手にとるように承知しながら，堀田青年（当時，２８歳）は特務機関の仕事をこなしていくことを要請される。そこで見聞きした，恐るべき体験は，堀田青年のその後の生涯を決することになった，とみずから語っている。
戦争という非常事態とはいえ，いや，非常事態だからこそ，人間の極限状態での本質が露呈してしまう。そこを，どのように通過しながら，中国共産党が力を獲得していくのか，そして，こんにちに至るのか，ということをわたしは重視したいのである。つまり，こんにちの中華人民共和国が，いかに長い歴史過程を経て，誕生したのか，それを支えた理念・思想はなにであったのか。それを毛沢東の「哲学」と呼んでもいいだろう。
言ってしまえば，ここから「北京オリンピック」を照射すること，それが可能であるかどうかはともかくとして（力不足は否めないが），とりあえずは「試みる」こと，それなしにはなにごとも始まらない。そのための，きわめて重要なヒントを，このテクストはわたしに提示してくれる。
再度，読み直して，２０日に備えようという次第。
ああ，なんだか，とてもややこしい話になりそう・・・・。うまく話ができるだろうか。不安である。でも，前にでる，しかない。まるで，大きな試合を前にしたときのような緊張が襲う。久しぶりの感覚だ。こういう密度の濃い時間をもっともっと大切にすべきだった。あとの祭り。でも，気づいたときが吉日。
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