2009-10-27 『修証義』のこと。
_ 道元が書いた『正法眼蔵』の精髄を抜き出して,曹洞宗の檀信徒にわかりやすく説いた「宗意書」が,この『修証義』である。
今朝の明け方,珍しく亡くなった両親が夢枕に立った。まず,最初に母が現れ,4〜5m先に立って,ニコニコ笑っている。いかにも嬉しくて仕方がないという顔だ。10歳下の弟が母のお腹のなかにいたころの,まだ,若々しいころの顔だ。「どうしたの?」と声をかけてみたら,「なんでもなーい」とこどものように答えて,一段と嬉しそうに笑っている。そばに近づこうとしたら,来なくていい,と手で遮る。こんどは首を傾げて笑っている。なにゆえに母はあんなに嬉しそうなのだろうなぁ,と考えたところで記憶がなくなっている。
一度,深い眠りに入ってから,こんどは父の夢をみた。父は,すでに老境に入っていて,わたしと一緒に散歩に行こう,と言って玄関で靴を履こうとしている。ところが,なぜか,靴のひものセットの仕方が気にいらないから直せ,という。まるで子どものように駄々をこねている。生前はまるでそんな人ではなく,およそ他人さまに迷惑をかけることは恥だといわぬばかりの,謹厳実直の人だった。その父が4〜5歳の子どものように駄々をこねている。なだめすかして,靴を履かせて,手をつないで散歩にでる。歩き方は,もう,晩年のそれであった。ものの10mも歩くと呼吸が上がり,立ち止まって息を整えて,また,おもむろに歩きはじめる。つないだ手のぬくもりが伝わってくるなぁ,と思ったところでこの夢は終わっている。
なんで,こんな夢をみたのかなぁ,と思いながら事務所にきて,いつものようにコーヒーをいれて飲んでいたら,机の上に,たまたま置いてあった『修証義』の冊子が眼に入る。その瞬間,父が呼んでいる,と直観した。父は禅寺を守りながら,教員生活を送った。だから,毎朝,父は『般若心経』を御本尊さまに唱えてから朝食をとり,出勤していった。時折,時間に余裕があると,この『修証義』を読み上げていた。だから,わたしの耳には『般若心経』も『修証義』もものごころがついたころから,馴染みのあるものだ。そういうこともあってか,わたしは,ふと思い出すと,こころのなかで『般若心経』を唱えることにしている。こちらは短いから,いつのまにか全文を記憶していた。しかし,『修証義』は長い。だから,断片的にしか記憶には残っていない。
父が呼んでいる,と直観したすぐあとに,母のあの嬉しそうな笑顔がよみがえる。ちょっとだけ不思議な思いを抱きながら,『修証義』を開いて読みはじめる。
この宗意書は,5章31節からなる。その第1章総序の冒頭はつぎのような書き出しになっている。
生(しょう)を明(あき)らめ死を明(あき)らむるは仏家(ぶっけ)一大事(いちだいじ)の因縁なり,生死(しょうじ)の中に仏(ほとけ)あれば生死(しょうじ)なし,但(ただ)生死(しょうじ)即ち涅槃(ねはん)と心得て,生死(しょうじ)として厭(いと)うべきもなく,涅槃(ねはん)として欣(ねご)うべきもなし,是時(このとき)初めて生死(しょうじ)を離(はな)るる分(ぶん)あり 唯(ただ)一大事(いちだいじ)因縁(いんねん)と究尽(ぐうじん)すべし。
これを読みながら,バタイユの『宗教の理論』のなかに書かれていることを思い出していた。バタイユもまた,同じように,人間の存在を生死の問題として重視する。そこから,宗教の原イメージともいうべき「死」に向き合う原初の人間を語りはじめる。そして,ひたすら「死」に向き合う人間のいだく「畏れ」に光を当てる。この「死」=「畏れ」との折り合いのつけ方が,ヒトを人間に仕立てあげていく原動力になったのだ,と。それは,姿・形こそ違えども,いまも本質的には変わらない,と。
いま,この『修証義』の冒頭の書き出しを読んでみて,道元とバタイユでは,その視点がまるで違うことに気づく。「生死」の問題を明らかにすることは,仏家にとっては「一大事」であり,「因縁」だ,と説きつつ,ただちに「生死の中に仏あれば生死なし」とたたみこむ。つまり,「生死」の中に「仏」がいるのだと考えれば,世俗の「生死」は消えてなくなってしまう,のだと。もっと言ってしまえば,いつ生まれようと,いつ死のうと,それは「仏」次第なのだ,と説く。だからこそ「仏家一大事の因縁なり」と説く。そこの踏ん切り(ジャンプ)がつくかどうか,そのためにこそ修行が必要だ,ということになろうか。
もっとも,『デリダから道元へ』という本を書いた人(森本和夫)もいる。以前に読んで,とても感動したことを記憶している。だから,当然のことながら,バタイユもまた道元とは通底しているのだ,と考えていた。しかし,それはちょっと違うよ,と言ってくれたバタイユ研究者の友人がいる。そのことの意味が,どうしても納得できないまま,考えつづけていた。
その解決の糸口になるヒントを,この『修証義』の冒頭の書き出しが与えてくれた。これから,もう少し,本格的に追求してみようと思う。それこそ「究尽すべし」である。
どうやら,両親は,わたしの「迷い」を「救済」するために夢枕に立ったのでは・・・と考えたりしている。「念ずれば通ずる」と仏教ではいう。わざわざ手を合わせたり,拝んだりする必要はない。大事なのは,そういう形式ではなく,こころのなかの「念」だ,と教える。わたしの,最近の「念」が両親にとどいたのだ,と考えることにしよう。
このブログを書いて,なにかひとつ通過したなぁ,としみじみ思う。この感じもまた久しぶりである。もっともっと『修証義』を読み込め,という啓示なのだろう。『正法眼蔵』は難解だから,まず,こちらから行け,と。
丈夫なからだに生み,育ててくれた両親には,ほんとうに感謝あるのみと思っていたが,ここにきて,こういう道案内までしてくれるとは・・・。ありがたいこと,この上なし,である。
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